Grammar اتمنى من الساده الاعضاء ان لا يعلقوا

Nouns


Nouns are names of persons,places, things, ideas, qualities, activities, etc


common and proper nouns


common nouns name the kind or class of a person, thing, etc


proper nouns are the actual names of persons , places, etc

proper nouns are always capitalized
George Washinton


Collective nouns


[collective nouns are the names of collections or groups of persons, places, things, etc
team audience family


these nouns are all singular in form, but may be singular or plural in usage.


Whenever the noun is presented so that we think of the whole group, it should used with a singular verb.

Their family always eats at 6:00



Whenever the noun is presented so that we think primarily of the individual members of the group, it should take a plural verb
The family were brought to the restaurant one by one in separate cars





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Forming the plurals of Nouns

- Most plurals are formed by adding S

phone phones
basket baskets

- Nouns ending in s, z, ch, sh, or x form plurals by adding ES

glass glasses
tax taxes

- Add S to form plurals of letters and numbers.

M Ms
8 8s

- Nouns ending in Y form plurals in two ways

a- If a consonant precedes the Y, change the Y to I and add ES.

Baby Babies
Candy Candies

b- If a vowel precedes the Y, follow the general rule for plurals, that is, add an S.

monkey monkeys
toy toys

- Nouns ending in O form plurals in two ways.

a- If a consonant precedes the O, add ES

tomato tomatoes
hero heroes

b- If a vowel precedes the O, add S

radio radios
studio studios


Note that musical terms and instruments ending in O form the plural by adding S


Piano pianos
Alto Altos

- Some hyphenated nouns form their plurals by adding S to the first word

mother-in-law mothers-in-law

- The plurals of proper nouns are formed by adding S. The or a number usually precedes the plural of proper nouns

Mary the Marys
Troy the troys

Note that when a proper noun ends in S, the plural is formed by adding ES

Jones the joneses
Thomas the thomases